Tuesday, 29 November 2011

Film Focus: Origin- Spirits of the Past

This morning I watched Origin: Spirits of the Past (2006) directed by Keiichi Sugiyama. It was epic to say the least. The soundtrack enhances the story so well creating intense emotion hype in the appropriate sequences. I have great respect for the artistry that goes into anime films because each scene has so much fine detail; it’s clear that each shot is carefully planned out with great attention gone into deciding on form, composition, colour, layout etc.

Whilst watching the film I made notes on nature related design element, particularly how nature has been used to create fantasy themes in the film. This post will probably contain a lot of images but it’s worth it as each one looks like a beautifully crafted painting.


All images are stills from Origin: Spirits of the Past (2006)
directed by Keiichi Sugiyama

The film starts off with scenes of a moon being ripped apart by long plant-like tendrils. You later discover that these are genetically modified plant cells breaking free of their lab and descending to earth. This is a good starting sequence because its epic to watch but also quite beautiful to see the familiar object of the moon being broken. The use of using a familiar object within the fantasy setting is an example of Suspension of Disbelief which I have
looked at previously.


This is a still of one dragon-like plant stems racing to earth. This has an element of the Gaia Theory mixed into it as it shows the plant as a kind of sentient, spiritual creature infused with the power of nature.


In the film they briefly show them growing trees on the moon because Earth at this time was incapable of supporting plant life. I think this is interesting because it takes an everyday object like a tree and places it somewhere out of the ordinary and out of context, thus creating the fantasy element.


As I said before seeing something so familiar like the moon suddenly being destroyed instantly captures the imagination of the audience. When I watched this scene in my head I started to ask questions like ‘What would happen if our moon broke apart?’, ‘Would it look like that?’, ‘I wonder what the inside of the moon looks like?’ I was engaged almost immediately.


This shows the moon at night reflecting the light as our own moon does; with however the added element that it is starting to form its own dust
particle rings.


An example of the moon during the day. This is a particularly beautiful scene with lots of detail in the moon but also the trees and cliff face. The colour composition works well here with the purple sky creating an ethereal atmosphere. The overgrown forest instantly telling you this is
not normal civilisation.


In this world Nature has gone wild and covered most of the planet in dense forests and alien-like plants.


The once modern cities are now desolate wastelands left exposed or buried under vast forests.


The genetically modified forest which is able to think and protect itself controls the water supply to the remaining human inhabitants. I like the idea that the forest is a sentient force able to think and communicate. The idea of kami fits again with this element of the story.


The modified plants cover the abandoned skyscrapers like parasitic worms, covering the structures in veins of red roots. This unusual colour helps create a sense of unease about the plants, as red is often associated with danger. The audience recognises plant structures but the red colouring creates a discord from the norm.


The humans can communicate to the forest but only by entering within its boundaries. The fact that humans must approach the forest to communicate puts the forest outside humanities control, allowing it to be free from human influence and making it equal. Humans have no influence over it and that is a scary thought.


Branches of ivy turn into snakes of flora attacking anyone who approaches. The idea that trees can attack twists plants into a force to be feared.


During the film it is revealed that humans can gain special powers from the forest but in exchange will eventually be consumed by the forest. I like this idea because it’s as if nature dooms any person who requests its help. The humans eventually turn into the thing they fear.


One location in the film is a large manmade structure full of machinery and void of plant life. There are similarities between the red pipes seen here and the red root structures seen in the forests elsewhere in the film. This is like Biomimicry which I have spoken about in previous posts- using nature as inspiration for solving human problems.


At the heart of the forest is a large central chamber where the original genetically modified trees first descended to earth. This chamber is filled with lush green plant roots which makes it look almost as if this is where all life stretches from. A complex root structure in the centre holds a spherical object- to me it looks like a sphere of water held in suspense by unknown forces. The blue glow that illuminates this space is beautiful but also quite eerie.


Two humanoid figures are fused with the branches in the middle of the chamber as if they grow with the tree. This fusion of human form and tree can play in the imagination of the audience because we know it is physically impossible...but what if it were?


Two humanoid spirits fusing together through the power of the tree.


At the end of the film it is revealed that not only does the forest consume humans, as shown earlier, but it also gives life to them. This idea of Mother Nature or Gaia being nurturing and caring contrasts entirely with the views of the humans in the film up until this point of realisation.


The main character is reborn from the tree. Gaia theory plays a part here again- the tree gives new life to the main character to keep the balance of good and evil in the world. Nature cares for itself maintaining balance.


Another example of human life being given through the forest.


This final image helps emphasise a point i realised through this film. Fantasy elements can be easily achieved by taking a common object, like a tree, and placing it out of context in an unusual environment. Here a tree is flowering in autumnal colours on a outcrop of rock within a flaming volcano.


From this film I have learnt that effective way to create elements of fantastic nature are to use contrasting environments, fusion elements, colour changes, spiritual entities, elements of the unknown or unexplained and things within the familiar. Some work in response to this is now called for I think...

All images are stills from Origin: Spirits of the Past (2006)
directed by Keiichi Sugiyama


Monday, 28 November 2011

Research: Kami in Shinto

"In all things of nature there is something
of the marvellous"
Aristotle


The Shinto belief from Japanese culture is the belief in spiritual beings and powers known as Kami. The best western translation of Kami is ‘spirits’ and each one is associated with different natural forces or features; for example Amaterasu (Amaterasu-Omikami) is known as the sun goddess, Ebisu is the kami who brings prosperity, Konpira the kami of safety at sea and Susanoo the kami of wind who both causes and protects from natural disasters. Kami can be other things too apart from personified spirits, they can also be elements of nature such as mountains, lakes, rivers and landscapes or forces of nature like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or storms.

I got the impression that explaining exactly what Kami is a very complex thing so this is how I perceived it.

The Idea of Kami as part of the Shinto belief is what links to my project. Spiritual beings who manifest themselves as things of nature, seen and unseen, good and evil, human and other. In many Anime films this theme of Kami can be see. The Gaia theory as mentioned before could be included as part of this system, mythical creatures, magic events and nature deities all come under the banner of Kami.

Shinto at a glance

Kami



In Princess Mononoke (1997) there are several references that could be linked with Kami.
Princess Mononoke forest spirit day accessed 28-11-11  7-05pm

Princess Mononoke forest spirit night accessed 28-11-11  7-05pm
Above is the Forest spirit who dwells in two different forms during the day and the night.



The Kodama who appear to be small tree dwelling nature spirits.
Princess Mononoke Kodamo accessed 28-11-11  7-06pm



This Movie trailer for Origin: Spirits of the Past (2006)

It shows lots of elements of nature that seem to have a life of their own, as though they were spiritual beings or powers. I intend to watch this film tonight. IMDB outlines the story as:

“It is 300 years into the future. Earth's environment had been devastated by mankind's own foolish plans and humankind is beleaguered by the sentient forests which they have awoken. The world balance is tipped when a young boy named Agito stumbles across a machine that glowed in a strange blue hue inside a forbidden sanctuary. The machine, which has preserved a beautiful girl named Tula from the past, is activated. Tula has a "mission" that had been entrusted to her by the past...”
IMDB

This links very well with my project looking at nature and how it can be used in a fantasy aspect, such as nature spirits etc and I look forward to seeing the whole film.


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Friday, 25 November 2011

Theory: The Gaia Theory

"Shall I not have intelligence with the earth? Am I not partly leaves and vegetable mould myself"
Henry David Thoreau


The Gaia Theory, formulated by James Lovelock, a chemist and futurist from Devon England, proposes that all organic life on earth along with their surroundings are all closely connected to form a self regulating system that maintains all life on the planet. This theory which was once mocked by the scientific community is now becoming much more widely accepted and developed.

Many adaptations of this theory have been woven into the stories of many successful fantasy films. Miyazaki Hayao has been known for using this as an underlying element to some of his films, in particular Princess Mononoke and Nausicaa of the Valley of the Winds.


Princess Mononoke accessed 25-11-11 5-35pm
Princess Mononoke2 accessed 25-11-11 5-35pm

This image shows the forest god. The god wanders through the forests and where he steps plants grow. He keeps the balance of the natural world.



Nausicaa accessed 25-11-11 5-28pm

In Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind, Nausicaa starts growing plants in her room to prove that the human race can adapt to live in the forest just like the animals and plants.

Nausicaa2 accessed 25-11-11 5-28pm


Another example would be Avatar (2009) Directed by James Cameron. In the story of Avatar the Na’vi people try to teach Jake Sully, played by Sam Worthington, about Awa who is a sort of personification of nature. When The Na’vi people hunt for food, they thank the spirit of the dead animal for providing them with nourishment. When a Na’vi person dies they return their body to the ground so that their spirit can return to Awa. On Pandora all Life is connected to sustain life.


Avatar accessed 25-11-11 5-41pm

In Avatar, the Na'vi people all gather and connect themselves with the ground and nature as they pray together to Awa.

/avatar065mkvsnapshot010.jpg
Avatar2 accessed 25-11-11  5-41pm

Neytiri shows Jake that nature can provide for all the Na'vi peoples needs.


Avatar3 accessed 25-11-11 5-41pm

The whole ecosystem on Pandora is connected and works together to sustain an environment suitable for life to exists.


I have been told that another film which includes the Gaia theory is Final Fantasy: The Spirit Within (2001) which was directed by Hironobu Sakaguchi and Motonori Sakakibara. I have not seen this film yet so am currently hunting down the DVD. 

I think the Gaia theory is so popular in fantasy films because it is something out of the norm. In our man made cities we are the ones in control; we harvest rain water, we create drainage systems, we design places of dwelling, we buy pre-prepared food, we install air conditioning to control air temperature and we install heating systems. We can pretty much change our surroundings to suite our needs. The Gaia theory in film suggests that we do not need to do any of this; nature will provide us with exactly what we need. In Avatar the Na’vi people thrive off the land they are given. In Nausicaa the animals and plants are adapting to live in the poison forest. 

The Idea that nature will provide, not your government or local council is strange and alien and so I think it lends itself to the genre of fantasy where strange things happen and anything is possible.

Research: Nature in Japanese Animation

I read a very interesting article on the Guardian website entitled “Japan's fantasy films act as a buffer against the reality of the natural world”. Thomas Sotinel, the author, suggests that despite Japan witnessing so many natural disasters, the country still does not see these devastating events as evil. In 2008, Hayao Miyazaki presented his new film Ponyo at the Venice Festival. The film which ends with a giant tsunami submerging the whole island, was released just months after a devastating Tsunami hit Japan. To an outsider this may seem insensitive but Sotinel suggests that the Japanese people do not see it this way; they have a deep respect for nature and its sometimes devastating power.

After reading the article I decided to do a little research into how Japanese Anime portrays Nature in its films. This opened a whole new area of research for me and after reading another article online I made a list of further areas to research within the area of Anime.


Thursday, 24 November 2011

Theory: Biomimicry

“The answers to the questions we’ve been asking...are all around us”
Janine Benyus

Biomimicry is design, inspired by nature. Using the principles of science and investigation, a new wave of designers are identifying how nature can help solve design problems most effectively. Janine Benyus, President of the Biomimicry Institute, is at the forefront of the movement.

What is Biomimicry? Accessed 24/11/2011 11:09am

Nature has been designing since time began and has been doing so very successfully. Humans on the other hand have been designing awkwardly solving short term problems in the best way we can. Using nature as a blueprint, scientists and designers have been adapting natures design to solve human problems across world. The following are some examples of how natures design has been adapted to improve human design.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Crystal_Palace_from_the_northeast_from_Dickinson's_
Comprehensive_Pictures_of_the_Great_Exhibition_of_1851._1854.jpg

The Crystal Palace accessed 24-11-11  3-37pm
The Crystal Palace, built for the 1851 World Expo by Joseph Paxton, was inspired by the ribbing structure of the giant Amazon Victoria Water Lilly.

http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_kpc5ivmjFk1qzs2oxo1_500.png
Amazon victoria water lilly accessed 24-11-11  3-37pm
Using a similar structure that the water lily uses on its giant lily pads, Paxton was able to create the huge greenhouse-like building which due to the amount of glass panelling had never been possible before.


Another example is that of the humpbacked whale. On the whales fins are small bumps, when transferred onto the blades of a wind turbine they increase the efficiency by 32%.

http://www.baltimoreseasafari.ie/data/images/humpback_whale's_pectoral_fin_-_courtesy_of_simon_duggan.jpg
Humpback whale fin accessed 24-11-11  3-38pm

http://wpcore.wpe.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/whale-power.jpg
WintV turbine wing accessed 24-11-11  3-38pm

Biomimicry can also be incorporated into design for film sets too.; adapting patterns, structures, colours, shapes, sizes, textures etc into architecture, furnishings, environments, clothing and so much more. As Jenine Benyus said, the answers are all around us.



Life Drawing: Female 22/11/2011

“There is no excellent beauty that hath not some strangeness in the proportion”
Francis Bacon


I went to Life Drawing again this week. Its been a while and was a bit difficult to get back into the swing of it but it eventualy came back.



Ive been trying to add some kind of shading to my sketches to try and create a sense of 3D. Ive never been told how to sketch and its proving difficult- I find it hard to identify the dark and light shades (rediculus though that sounds)



Thursday, 17 November 2011

Theory: Suspension of Disbelief

He who loves practice without theory is like the sailor who boards ship without a rudder and compass and never knows where he may cast.”
Leonardo da Vinci


Suspension of Disbelief is the theory that people will accept something which is unbelievable or fantastic to make sense of a film, story or peace of fictional literature. The theory was put forth by Samuel Taylor Coleridge who was an English poet and aesthetic philosopher. Coleridge suggested that if an author injected an element of truth into a fantastic tale then the reader would be able to accept the story despite its possible implausibility.

This theory links perfectly with my MA project. According Coleridge to make set designs for fantasy films more believable the designer should incorporate elements of truth and reality. Therefore to more successfully design around the idea of nature for film, I should incorporate elements of the natural world.


Suspension of Disbelief is clearly visible in from James Cameron’s Avatar


This is a still from Avatar showing the forest covered planet of Pandora with its colossal trees and humongous plants.
This is an image of the Amazon rainforest. You can see similarities between the Amazon and Pandora. Suspension of Disbelief would suggest that the audience are much more likely to accept Pandora as a believable location because they can use the Amazon as a point of reference from reality.

Here is another scene on Pandora. Amongst the many types of Fauna on Pandora are these gargantuan hanging flowers.

The Pandoran flowers could be variations on the simple Fuchsia. The familiarity of the Fuchsia shape overcomes the fantasy element of a much grander scale, and still allows it to be believable.

The Seeds of the Sacred Tree share a resemblance to Dandelion seeds both in looks and
in character.

White, floating, spiderlike seeds that drift with the wind are not unlike dandelion seeds we can see in our gardens, this then allows the Pandoran seeds to feel natural enough to exist.

The Soul tree is one of the most fantastic elements of the Avatar story, allowing the Na’vi to hear the voices of their ancestors.

The Soul Tree becomes believable because it looks like a stylised Willow Tree. Its appearance as a Willow tree makes it believable because it looks familiar.


Suspension of Disbelief is a useful theory for my project as incorporating the natural world with elements of unbelievable fantasy is the main topic of my MA project. Cognitive Estrangement can also be linked to Suspension of Disbelief as it uses the audience’s ignorance or lack of knowledge to support Suspension of Disbelief. Further Research into this would be useful.